17. Adnominal clause and Noun clause
17.1. Adnominal clause
17.1.1. Adnominal clause with the profix {na-}
17.1.2. Adnominal clause without profix (PZ)
17.1.3. Adnominal clause with {so-} (ÇM ~ AŞ-Ok’ordule)
17.2. Noun clause
17.2.1. Noun clause with the profix {na-}
17.2.2. Noun clause without profix
17.2.3. Noun clause with {so-} (ÇM)(AŞ-Ok’ordule)
17.3. Adverbialized noun clause
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17.1. Adnominal clause
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17.1.1. Adnominal clause with the profix {na-}
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17.1.1.1. Modified word = subject of adnominal clause
Na-mağodu şeepe gobişinam do guyi mit’k’va3um. (FN)
« I remember what happened to me. It breaks my heart. »
Sumeneçi do xut 3’anaşe na-moxtu nana-çkimi ar k’ayi ndğa z*iyameri va-ren. (AH-Lome)
« My mother who is going to be sixty five years old did not see any happy day. »
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17.1.1.2. Modified word = complement (absolutive or dative) of adnominal clause
Na-p’oromt’i bozo gobiç’k’ondini. (FN)
« I tried to forget the girl whom I loved. »
Na-p’oromt’i bozo gomoç’k’ondu. (FN)
« I forgot the girl whom I loved. »
Memet ! Na-go3’k’edi k’ut’ipez ar kogeloğari do ok’açxe z*iyameri na-ren oxi3’onas. (AH-Lome)
« Mehmet ! Mark the box that you have seen in order that we shall be able to understand later that it is already inspected. »
●●● When two or more adnominal clauses modify a noun, only one profix {na-} is used :
in the first clause in the dialects of Ardeşen, and
in the second clause in the dialects of Fındıklı-Arhavi. Ma na-viçalişam-do-ok’oviğam para bere cebi doliduy-oimxoy. (AŞ-Ok’ordule)
« My son squanders the money that I saved by working hard. »
Bozo-çkimik kot’u-do-na-golosvaru şeyepe 3’ut’eli biç’ik boyne upaşams. (FN-Ç’anapet)
« The last son puts in disorder the clothes that my daughter piled up. »
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17.1.1.3. Modified word = complement (locative, directive or ablative) of adnominal clause
Na-pxer yerişa Xasani memanç’en do uci dolomizit’ay. (AŞ-Ok’ordule)
« Hasan approaches me where I am sitting. And he whispers something in my ear. »
İsmaili harita yeri na-dirinu yeri no3’iray. (AŞ-Ortaalan)
« İsmail shows on the map the place where he was born. »
Oxoriz na-gyomç’ims ğorma kart’alite menz*gipu. (AH-Borğola)
« He blocks up with paper the hole from which rain penetrates into the house. »
Gyari na-ipxors k’uzi eloktaşi gyari kodabğu. (AH-Borğola)
« As he turned the spoon with which he was eating, the food fell. »
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17.1.1.4. Modified word = proprietor of subject of the clause
K’va kçe na-ren xoci çkimi ren. (FN-Sumla)
« The cow of which the forehead is white is mine. »
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17.1.2. (PZ) Adnominal clause without profix
Adnominal clauses that must have the profix {na-} in the dialects of ÇM-AŞ-FN-AH-HP-ÇX are often observed without profix in the dialects of Pazar.
Lomç’ep’i meç’ordu svaşa k’artik’artis mevun3xum. (PZ-Cigetore)
« I am tying two ends of the thread where it has been broken. »
Puci-şk’imik ndğaleri şk’omasen mt’a seris ç’umarums. (PZ-Cigetore)
« My cow ruminates in the evening the grass that she ate in the daytime. »
Mo mok’anam. Mok’aç’un lazut’epe-şk’imi memixun. (PZ-Cigetore)
« Do not shake me. The maize that I carry in my arms will fall. »
Ek’vateri mca zut’u svas ek’iğams. (PZ-Cigetore)
« (The stump of) the cutted tree puts forth shoots where it is (= on the field). »
Andğa voşk’orapi pi3arepe eyevosvari. (PZ-Cigetore)
« I piled up the firewood that I got cut today. »
Mt’alepe on svas nok3ams. (PZ-Cigetore)
« Grass is becoming rotten where it is (= on the field). »
●●● In the example shown below, the first adnominal clause is without profix, while the second one is formed with profix.
Golaxt’u 3’anas na-cep’k’vati ç’urbişi mca 3’o xolo-ti domzgudu. (PZ-Cigetore)
« (The stump of) the chestnut-tree that I cut down in the year that has passed (= last year) has put forth shoots this year again. »
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17.1.3. (ÇM)(AŞ-Ok’ordule) Adnominal clause with {so-}
ğoma so-vidit msvape (ÇM-Ğvant)
ğoma so-bidit yerepe (AŞ-Ok’ordule)
« the place where we have been yesterday »
livadi tutxu so-mzgudu msvape (ÇM-Ğvant)
« the places where are buds here and there in the vegetable garden »
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17.2. Noun clause
17.2.1. Noun clause with the profix {na-}
17.2.2. Noun clause without profix
17.2.3. Noun clause with {so-} (ÇM)(AŞ-Ok’ordule)
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17.2.1. Noun clause with the profix {na-}
Goxaziru na-uşkun, p’iyat’i şeyepete-ti numsk’vanay. (ÇM-Ğvant)
« Who knows dress up can do it even with bad clothes. »
Bere-şk’imi ar fori na-mazirasen, oşi 3’ana na-psk’udur st’eri iyen.
(AŞ-Ok’ordule)
« To see once my child is (a big happiness) as if I live a hundred years. »
Bere tanuşa dimxizu. Zabuni na-ort’t’u, va-mişk’urt’t’u. (AŞ-Ortaalan)
« The child suffered till dawn. I did not know that he was ill. »
Dişka na-mogiğat’t’i, gomoç’k’ondu. (FN-Ç’enneti)
« I have forgotten that I ought to bring you firewood. »
Xuseyinik na-moxtasens amudgams. (AH-Lome)
« Hüseyin charges high whoever comes (for everything). »
Çku irik-xolo artikati z*iyameri na-boret, mitişen var-mpulomt. (AH-Lome)
« We do not hide to any one that we know each other. »
Ğomamci gebustvi do diyo na-gepçi, handğa dido maç’ven. (AH-Lome)
« My elbow aches where I hurted myself yesterday by falling down. »
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17.2.2. Noun clause without profix
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17.2.2.1. Nominal clause with interrogative word (all dialects)
Makvali mik ezdums oçkinu şeni Cordani berepez nayla tudele meşut’k’obun. (FN-Ç’anapet)
« In order to know who steals eggs from him, Cordan lies in hiding below the nayla (= wooden barn built on piling) so as to watch children. »
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17.2.2.2. Interrogative nominal clause « whether he does or not » (all dialects)
Moxtanen var-moxtanen, munterez uçkinan. (FN-Sumle)
« Themselves sole know whether they will come or not. »
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17.2.2.3. (PZ) Particularity of the dialects of Pazar
In the dialects of Pazar, the profix {na-} is very often missing in adnominal clause where it is obligatory in other dialects.
Ğoma seris gzas xortlaği (na-)bz*iri doma3’onu. Domk’uti. (PZ-Cigetore)
« It seemed to me that I saw a ghost yesterday night. I was frightened. »
Beres k’olayi (na-)mvalu şeni valişi jindos makvali keyot’axu do t’ağanums. (PZ-Cigetore)
« He is frying cottage cheese with eggs because it is easier to eat for children. »
Xasanik (na-)ixap’ars xark’ik nişk’inams. (PZ-Cigetore)
« The others are listening outside to what Hasan says. »
●●● In the example shown below, the suffix -s at the end of the complex nominal clause is the dative case marker.
Salimişi bere hik’u var-ipelen ç’i (na-)golaxt’asen-molaxt’asens nonç’valams. (PZ-Cigetore)
« The child of Salim is so ill-bred that he spits at who comes and goes. »
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17.2.3. (ÇM)(AŞ-Ok’ordule) Noun clause with {so-}
Mca so-oxmarare nu3’irar do mek’vatar. (ÇM-Ğvant)
« You will measure the wood according to the place where you will use it, before cutting it. »
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17.3. Adverbialized noun clause
17.3.1. na-... evuli (ÇM)(AŞ)
17.3.2. na-... k’onari (FN)(AH)
17.3.3. na-... st’eri / na-... steri
17.3.4. na-... şeni
17.3.5. na-... şuk’uri/ na-... şuk’u (PZ)(ÇM)
17.3.6. na-...-şi (AK)
17.3.7. sotinuri ... na- (FN)
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17.3.1. na-... evuli (ÇM)(AŞ) « as someone does »
Osmani na-u evuli (ÇM-Mek’alesk’irit) as Osman did
na-p’i evuli as I did
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17.3.2. na-... k’onari « as much as someone does »
Kçeşi urz*eni k’ai doga3’onenna na-ginon k’onayi eç’opi. (FN-Sumla)
« If you like white grapes, gather them as much as you want. »
Osmanik na-xaziru masarepez let’az na-doskidun k’onayi meç’umz do heşşo do3onams. (AH-Lome)
« Osman burns piling as long as it will be buried before driving it. »
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17.3.3. na-... st’eri / na-... steri
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17.3.3.1. « as someone or something does »
Andğa mç’ima p’ot’e na-va-mç’imu st’eri mç’iy. (ÇM-Ğvant)
« It rained today as it never rained. »
P’ot’e na-var-iziru st’eri dulyape maziran. (ÇM-Ğvant)
« We see things as we never saw. »
P’ap’uli na-elancant’u steri gamastu. Heşote şuri komeçu. (FN-Ç’anapet)
« (My) grand-father passed away as he was asleep. He gave up thus the ghost. »
Babak, urz*enişi k’ant’arepe na-var-gestun steri txombuz oxok’orams. (FN-Ç’anapet)
« (My) father attaches vine-shoots to alder-tree in such a way that they do not fall. »
Si iri-mutu guriz na-dologangonen steri gaxenen-i ? (AH-Lome)
« Can you do everything as you think best ? »
Bak’k’alepek ncumuşi geç’areri na-unonan steri munz*inaman. (AH-Borğola)
« Grocers raise the price of salt as they want. »
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17.3.3.2. {na- + perfective + st’eri/ steri} « as soon as »
Na-moxtu steyi igzalu. (FN-Ç’ennet) He went out as soon as he arrived.
Na-moxtu steyi koxo3’onu. (FN-Ç’ennet) He understood as soon as he arrived.
Bere komoşkvi. Na-moxtasen steyi makvali mepçare. (FN-Ç’ennet)
« Send me the child. As soon as he will arrive, I shall give him some eggs. »
Na-moxtu steyi ma dolomak’itu. (HP) As soon as he arrived, he embraced me.
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17.3.4. na-... şeni « because »
Miti na-va-miyonurt’u şeni elaxuneri vimordi. (ÇM)
« Because I was orphan, I grew up as little servant without pay. »
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17.3.5. na-... şuk’uri (PZ), na-... şuk’u (ÇM) « as much as »
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17.3.5.1. (na-)... şuk’uri (PZ)
Kçe urz*eni xaz*i gayenna (na-)gorum şuk’uri eç’opi. (PZ-Cigetore)
« If you like white grapes, gather them as much as you want. »
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17.3.5.2. na-... şuk’u (ÇM)
Bere-şk’imi ar me3’omilu, xuteçi 3’ana şuri na-giğut’asen şuk’u koğirun. (ÇM-Ğvant)
« To see once my child is (a big happiness) as much as I live a hundred years. »
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17.3.6. na-...-şi (AK) « because »
[na- + emp. + -şi]
Nok’epe x3aperi na-renşi ç’k’odun. (AK-Döngelli)
« The thread is broken because it is rotten. »
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17.3.7. sotinuri ... na- (FN) « as much as there is »
Jilendo sotinui let’a na-ren ment’ro3u. (FN-Sumle)
« All earth slid as much as there was above. »