9. Interhuman interjections


9.1. Interjections of affirmation and negation

9.2. Other interhuman interjections


Each interjection - interhuman or adressed to animals - forms by itself a sentence.

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9.1. Interjections of affirmation and negation


9.1.1. Interjection of affirmation

9.1.2. Interjection of negation


◘◘◘ Interjections of affirmation and negation are not adverbs ◘◘◘


Laz words ho and var, corresponding respectively to English words “yes” and “no”, are classified among interjections in this study. As they do not modify any verb, adjective, adverb or sentence, there is no reason to consider them as adverbs.


The negation marker var ~ va and the interjection of negation var are homophonous. They may have same origin (→ 11.8.).

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9.1.1. ho ~ ko yes


The variant ko is observed sometimes in the dialects of Fındıklı and Hopa.


Even in the regions where the demonstrative pronouns are pronounced without /h/ (central and eastern parts of Hopa, and the village of Çxala in Borçka), the interjection of affirmation is clearly pronounced ho with the phoneme /h/.


The word is accented.

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9.1.2. var no


When the Laz give a negative answer, they take almost every time only the final verb of the question after making it negative. Therefore, the use of the interjection of negation is rather rare.


The word is accented.

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9.2. Other interhuman interjectons

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Aha[1] ! (finding lost object) Here it is !

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Aha[2] ! (West) [regret for accidental damage caused by unwilling action]

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Aha[3] ! [refusal]

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Anaaa ! ~ Hanaaa ! [astonishment]


Anaaa ! Nak’o didi mçxomi ! What a big fish !!

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A u hi hi hi ! [collective shout on the top of mountain]

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Be ! [to call a woman, a girl]

[(ÇM) to call an older man]

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Bena ! (AŞ) [embarassment, astonishment]

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Ç’e ! [to call a man, a boy]

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E ? I beg your pardon ?

What is the matter ?

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Eça ! (WestCentre) [pain]


Eça ma (do eça ma) ! Poor me !

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Eeey ! (in the forest etc) Is there someone ?

(sometimes over the phone : Hello !)

[answer to the call] Here !

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Ehe ! (FN) [regret for accidental damage caused by unwilling action]

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Ena ! ~ Enna ! [prayer, malediction, wish, insult .......]

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Ennanaaa ! (West) [embarrassment, astonishment]

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Ey ! Enough !

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(West)(Centre)


Ğormoti-çkimiz ! Oh, my God !

Ğormoti çxomela !

Ğormoti ç’urt’ila !

Ğormoti hamseri !

Ğormoti k’undya(y)i !

Ğormoti mt’k’orinoni !

Ğormoti yat’t’işe !

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He yamo ! [shout of female collective work]

~ He he he yamo !

[at a launching etc, shout of male collective work]

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Hn ! [pleasure taken in others’ misfortune]

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Moro ! Of course !

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Moro mu ! Of course ! How could it be else !

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O ho hoy ! [shout of male collective work]

~O ho ho ho hoy ! (West)(FN)

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Oooi ! [prolonging continuous pain]

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Oxxx ! ~ Ooo xoxoxo ! [joy, satisfaction, happiness]

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Oyi ! ~ Yoyi! [mental pain, gloomy mood]

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Oyiii ! [sudden and momentary pain]

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Va ha hay ! (FN)(AH)(HP) [shout of male collective work]

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Voyi ! (HP) [sudden and momentary pain]

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